Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

-

Abstract

Abstract
The present research was aimed to determine the role of self-efficacy and cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies of learning in achievement motivation and academic performance of female students in the 6th grade. The current research is a correlational design. The population included all the female students of the 6th grade at 5th district of Iran, among which 106 students were selected through multistage cluster sampling. For measuring self-efficacy, learning strategies, achievement motivation and academic performance, the following instruments were used respectively: general self-efficacy scale of Sherer et al. (1982), learning strategies questionnaire (Karami, 2002), Herman's achievement motivation scale (1970), and academic performance questionnaire of Dortaj (2004). The results of multiple regression test indicated that, respectively, self-efficacy, cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies of learning could significantly predict achievement motivation and also academic performance in girls. Finding of the research has useful implications for policy-makers of the education field.

Keywords

Bandura, A. (2001). Social cognitive theory: An agentive perspective. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 1–26.
Bandura, A. & Jourden, F. J. (1991). Self-regulatory mechanisms governing the impact of social comparison on complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 60(6), 941–951.
Bandura, A. & Locke, E. A. (2003). Negative self-efficacy and goal effects revisited. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(1), 87–99.
Bandura, A. & Wood, R. (1989). Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 56(5), 805–814.
Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V. & Pastorelli, C. (2001). Self-efficacy beliefs as shapers of children’s aspirations and career trajectories. Child Development, 72(1), 187–206.
Bong, M. (1998). Tests of the internal/external frames of reference model with subject-specific academic self-efficacy and frame specific academic self-concepts. Journal of Educational Psychology, 90(1), 102–110.
Bong, M. (2001). Between- and within-domain relations of academic motivation among middle and high school students: self-efficacy, task-value, and achievement goals. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93(1), 23–34.
Bong, M. (2004). Academic motivation in self-efficacy, task value, achievement goal orientations, and attributional beliefs. The Journal of Educational Research, 97(6), 287–297.
Bruce, W. T., Dennis, A. A. & Dennis, R. S. (2007). Learning and Motivation strategies: Your Guide to success. Pearson Education.
Chen, S. Q. (2010). A study of communication strategies in interlanguage production by Chinese EFL learners. Language Learning, 40(2), 155-187.
Chun, K. W. (2000). Effects of text structure-based knowledge and strategies on second language expository prose comprehension. 香港大學學位論文, 1-0.
Cheung, G. W. & Rensvold, R. B. (2002). Evaluating goodness-of-fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Structural Equation Modeling, 9(2), 233–255.
DeLong, M., Winter, D. & Yackel, C. A. (2004). Management, motivation and student centered instruction I: Analytical framework. Primus: Problems, Resources and Issues in Mathematics Undergraduate Studies, 13(2), 97–123.
Good, T. & Brophy, J. (1995). Contemporary educational psychology (5th ed). New York: Harper Collins
Heggestad, E. D. & Kanfer, R. (2005). The predictive validity of self-efficacy in training performance: Little more than past performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 11(2), 84–97.
Heggestad, E. D. & Kanfer, R. (2005). The predictive validity of selfefficacy in training performance: Little more than past performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Applied, 11(2), 84–97.
Huang, X. & Van-Naerssen, M. (2001). Learning strategies for oral communication. Applied Linguistics, 8(3), 287-307.
Kayan, F. M. (2010). Educational motivation and students’ achievement goal orientations. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2, 859–863.
Komarraju, M. & Nadler, D. (2013). Self-efficacy and academic achievement: why do implicit beliefs, goals, and effort regulation matter? Learning and Individual Differences, 25(1), 67–72.
Kummin, S. & Rahman, S. (2010). The Relationship between the Use of Metacognitive Strategies and Achievement in English. Social and Behavioral Sciences, 7, 145–150
Lai, Y.-C. (2009). Language learning strategy use and English proficiency of university freshmen in Taiwan. TESOL Quarterly, 43(2), 255-279.
Mayer, R.E. (2001). Multimedia learning. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Muelas, A., & Navarro, E. (2015). Learning strategies and academic achievement. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 165, 217-221.
Multon, K. D., Brown, S. D. & Lent, R. W. (1991). Relation of self-efficacy beliefs to academic outcomes: A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 38(1), 30–38.
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). (2014). Education at a glance 2014: OECD indicators. Paris, France: OECD Publishing. Retrieved 6 Feb 2016 from: http://dx.doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1787/eag-2014-en
Oxford, R. L. (1996). Language learning strategies around the world: Cross-cultural perspectives. Honolulu, HI: Second Language Teaching & Curriculum Center.
Perera, H, N. (2016): The Role of Trait Emotional Intelligence in Academic Performance: Theoretical Overview and Empirical Update. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 150 (2), 227-249
Politzer, R. L. & McGroarty, M. (1985). An exploratory study of learning behaviors and their relationship to gains in linguistic and communicative competence. TESOL Quarterly, 19, 103-123.
Robbins, S. B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R. & Carlstrom, A. (2004). Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? Psychological Bulletin, 130(2), 261–288.
Vancouver, J. B., Thompson, C. M. & Williams, A. A. (2001). The changing signs in the relationships between self-efficacy, personal goals, and performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 86(4), 605–620.
Weinstein, C. E. & Hume. L. M. (2009). Study strategies for life long learning. Washington. DC: American Psychological Association.
Wenden, A. L. (1996). What do L2 learners know about their language learning? A second look at retrospective accounts. Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 186-205.
Wenden, A. L. (1996). What do L2 learners know about their language learning? A second look at retrospective accounts. Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 186-205.
Zimmerman, B. J. & Bandura, A. (1994). Impact of self-regulatory influences on writing course attainment. American Educational Research Journal, 31(4), 845–862.