Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Abstract
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between parenting style and depression in preschool children in Bokan. The statistical population of this study was all students of preschool schools in Bokan. In a correlational study, 100 students were randomly selected as cluster samples. A questionnaire for parenting method was used by Diana Baerind (1972), and the parent-teacher questionnaire for the Children's Symptoms Symptom (CSI-4, 1994) was used as a research tool. The reliability of the questionnaires in this study was 87% and 79%, respectively, through Cronbach's alpha method. The statistical method used in this study was independent t-test, which indicated a significant relationship between the studied variables. The findings showed that there is a difference between parenting style (dictatorship, authoritarian, permissive), and depression in preschool children, among them the authoritarian manner of childbearing has the most impact on children's depression, and in fact it can be said that the best predictor of children's depression is the authoritarian style of parenting.
Keywords
Abela JRZ Hankin BL. (2008). Hand Book of depression in children and Adolescents. New York: The Guilford press.
Ahadi, Hassan, and Bani Jamali, Shokosadat. (1380). Psychology of Growth (Fundamental Concepts in Child Psychology), Tehran, Pardis Publishing.
Ali Bakhshi, Zahra, Alipour, Ahmad, Farzad, Wali Allah and Ali Akbari Dehkordi, Mahnaz. (1394). Mediating role of depression in relation between attachment and parenting style with obesity and overweight of adolescent girls. Quarterly Journal of Psychology, 4 (13), 41-52.
Alizade, H., and Andrise. C. (2002).Interaction of parenting style and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in Iranian parent. Child & family behavior therapy, vol. 24(3), 37-52.
Chan, T. & Koo, A. (2009). Parenting style & youth outcomes in the UK, A paper were presented at the conference of the British sociological association, & a research seminar at the University of Oxford.
Danesh, esmat, Takrimi, zibi, and Nafisi, Gholamreza. (1386). The role of parental parenting practices in their children's depression. Quarterly Journal of Applied Psychology, 1 (2), 125-140.
Dehart, T. Pelham, B.W. Tennen, W. (2006). What lies beneath: parenting style & implicit self-esteem, Journal of experimental social psychology.
Dhavale. Hs.( 2001). Depression in childhood and adolescents. J Indian Med Assoc , 99, 34-5, 38.
Durand, V.M. & Barlow, D. H.(1997) Abnormal psychology. Pacific grove, California: Books/ cole.
Eley,T.C(1997). Depression symptoms in children and adolescent: Etiological links between normality and abnormality. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, 38,861-865.
Esfandiari, Gholamreza. (1376). Study of parenting practices of mothers of children with behavioral disorders and normal children's mothers and the effect of mothers' education on behavioral disorders in children. Master's thesis, Tehran: Psychiatric Institute.
Falahat, Enayatullah. (1383). The Relationship between Student Thinking Styles and Educational Method Used by Their Parents in the Pre-University Period of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad Province. Dissertation for Master Degree in Educational Technology. Allameh Tabataba’i University.
Frojd,S.A., Nissinen, E.S., Pelkonen,M.U.I., Marttunen,M. J., Koiristo, A.M., & Kaltiala-Heino, R.(2008). Depression and school performance in middle adolescent boys and girls. Journal of Adolescence, 31(4), 485.
Gibeti, Galilee. (1381). Parents' parenting practices and their relationship with coping or stress coping methods of male and female students of the third year of Varzagh high schools. Master's Thesis, Shiraz University.
Hey, Jalil. (1381). Studying parental parenting styles and its relationship with stress coping strategies of male and female students of third year high schools of Zarghan. Master thesis, Shiraz University.
Hookie, Kathleen Panola. (1384). Abandoned Depression (Fathers and Mothers Guide for Timely and Rapid Prevention of Depression in Children). Farsi translation of Daghi, Mehdi. Tehran: Peyk Bahar Publishing.
Jafarzadeh, Naser, Farrokhi, Nour Ali and Sohrabi Esromud, Faramarz. (1394). The relationship between parenting practices and resilience with the happiness of students. Quarterly Journal of Educational Psychology, 11 (37), 67-82.
Kitamora, T., Sakamoto , S., Yasumiya,R., Sumiyama.T., & Fujihara, S. (2000). Child abuse, other early experiences and depression: 11. Single episode and recurrent/ chronic subtypes of depression and their link to early experiences. Archives of womens mental health. Vol.3 issue2, 53- 59.
Lopez, A. D. Mathers, C. D. Ezzati, M. Jamison, M. D. & Murray, C. J. L. (2006). Global Burden of Disease and Risk Factors, Oxford University Press, New York.
Lopez, M. (2005). Parenting styles & self-esteem: clarifying the role of ethnicity. Poster presented at the 85th Annual Western psychological Association Cconvention, Portland, OR.
Mancini, F., Prunetti, E., Didonna, F., & Delgenio, M.(2000). Parental bonding: can obsessive symptoms and general distres be predicted by perceived rearing practices? Journal of clinical psychology & psychotherapy. Voll.7 issue3, 201- 209, 3 charts.
Mohammad Esmaeil, Elaheh (2004). Evaluation of Validity, Validity and Determination of Disruption Points in CSI-4 Children's Symptoms Questionnaire on Elementary School Students in Tehran, Tehran, Tehran: Research on Exceptional Children.
Momena, Fereshte. (1395). Effectiveness of Emotion Regulation Training on Depression, Anxiety, and Emotional Dysregulation in Female University Students Living in Dormitories. Journal of Behavioral Sciences Research, 14(1), 67-71.
Mousavi, Ashraf Sadat. (1382). Applied Family Therapy with a System Approach. Tehran: Al-Zahra University.
Mush, Eric J. and Wolf, David E. (2010). Child psychiatry. Translation Sharifi Ghadimi, Parviz and Moradi, Hossein. (1390). Tehran: Avaye noor Publications.
Mush, Eric Jay, and Wolf, David E. (2003). Child psychiatry. Translated by T. Jani, Hassan, Tavakoli Zadeh, Jahanshir and Kamalpur, Nasrin. (1382). Tehran: Marandiz Publications.
Myhr. G., Sookman, D., Pinard. G.(2004). Attachment security and parental bonding in adults with obsessive – compulsive disorder: a comparison wiht depressed out- patients and healthy controls. Acta psychiatric a Scandinavia. Vol. 109 isuue6, 447-457.
Naghipoor, Masoud. (1390). Parenting Parents 'Parents' Parenting Styles. Quarterly Journal of Educational Psychology, 2 (2), 13-30.
Neaparastock, Nathan, and Wallace, Maryland (1956). Depression in children. Translation, Reeducation, Noushin. (1387). Tehran: Dangeh Publishing.
Raphael, B. & Burrows, G.(1995). Handbook of studies on preventive psychiatry. Amesterdam: Elsevier science B.V.
Saif Naraghi, Maryam; Naderi, Ezat. (1379). Specific inadequacies in learning and how to recognize methods of rehabilitation. Tehran: Publication of Makias.
Schwartz, D., Duong, M.T., Nakamoto, J.,&Gorman, A.H.(2008). Peer relationships and academic achievement as interecting predictors of depressive symptoms during middle childhood. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 117(2), 289.
Seligman, Martin. (1996). Optimistic child. Foruzand Dawarpanah translation. (1383). Tehran: Growth Publishing.
Sheybani, Shahnaz. (1385). The effect of storytelling on children's depression and strategies for confronting children with depression. Master's Thesis. Allameh Tabatabaei University.
Weiner. I.B.(1982). Child and adolescent psychopathology. New York: john wiley & sons, Inc.
)