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بررسی نظریۀ ذهن در کودکان پیش‌دبستانی: پیامدهای آموزشی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد روانشناسی دانشکده روانشناسی و علوم تربیتی دانشگاه تهران

2 دکتری روانشناسی دانشگاه تهران

3 کارشناسی ارشد روانشناسی دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران مرکز

چکیده

نظریۀ ذهن به شخص اجازه می‌دهد افکار، آرزوها و نیات را به دیگران نسبت دهد، بتواند اعمال آنها را پیش‌بینی یا توصیف کند و نیات آنها را درک کند. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی نظریۀ ذهن در کودکان پیش­دبستانی انجام شده است. روش پژوهش پس‌رویدادی بود. در راستای دستیابی به هدف فوق، 60 کودک پیش‌دبستانی دختر و پسر 4، 5 و 6 سال به روش نمونه‌گیری در دسترس از مهدهای کودک و مراکز پیش‌دبستانی منطقه 6 شهر تهران انتخاب شدند و آزمون‌های تکالیف نظریۀ ذهن از طریق چهار آزمون تناظر یک‌به‌یک، خانۀ عروسک‌ها، بازگویی داستان و پیش‌بینی باور به صورت بازی با کودکان اجرا شدند و برای تحلیل آماری داده‌ها از آزمون مجذور خی استفاده شد. نتیجه تحلیل داده‌ها با استفاده از مجذور خی نشان داد که به طور کلی عامل سن در انجام دادن تکالیف نظریۀ ذهن در سطح خطای کمتر از 05/0 معنادار بوده است. بدین معنا که کودکان 4 سال، 5 سال و 6 سال عملکرد یکسانی نداشتند. به صورت معناداری 5 سال‌ها بهتر از 4 سال‌ها و 6 سال‌ها بهتر از 5 سال‌ها عمل کرده بودند. براساس یافته‌ها، اکتساب نظریۀ ذهن با افزایش سن امکان‌پذیر خواهد بود و با توجه به میزان آشنایی کودکان با ابزار آزمایش به علت تجارب روزانۀ زندگی، پاسخ‌های صحیح افزایش پیدا می‌کند. تحول نظریۀ ذهن پیامدهایی برای رشد مفهوم خود دارد و برای درک دنیای اجتماعی و تعاملات اجتماعی امری بنیادی محسوب می‌شود

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Study of Theory of Mind in Preschool Children: Educational Consequences

نویسندگان [English]

  • Bagher Ghobari Bonab 1
  • Farzaneh Mo’tamedi 2
  • Ma’soumeh Hosnieh 3

1 Ph. D. in Psychology, University of Tehran

2 Ph. D. in Psychology, University of Tehran

3 M.A. in Psychology of Azad university

چکیده [English]

Theory of mind helps individuals to understand other individuals’ perspectives about phenomenon, in general, and others stand points in social issues specifically. It also helps individuals to describe, explain and predict others’ behaviors. Current study aimed to study development of theory of mind in preschool children. The design of the study was ex post facto. To fulfill the aforementioned purpose, 60 preschool children (ages 4-6) were sampled from the kindergarten, and preschoolers in district six of Department of Education in Tehran, by means of available sampling and the following measures were given to them: theory of mind tasks, with subtests of one to one correspondence test, doll house, narration of the story, and predicting game in the play format. To analyze data, a Chi Square test was used. Analysis of data revealed that in general age factor was an important factor in determining the level of functioning and its effect was significant (p<0.05). Performance of children in each age was different from the other age groups: five – year olds did better than four – year olds and six-year olds did better than five-year olds. Development of theory of mind will help children to adapt to their social milieu more effectively. In accordance with chronological age development, the magnitude of children’s correct responses increase and children get more accurate perception of self and others in social interactions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Theory of Mind
  • Development
  • Preschool children
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مطالعات پیش دبستان و دبستان
دوره 1، شماره 3
اردیبهشت 1395
صفحه 17-33
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هم رسانی
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